In order to realize the automatic operation and the axis’ automatic rotation of the electronic theodolite, this article has designed of the servo drive system for theodolite’s axis. The testing standards are to reduce the time of operation and improve the measurement accuracy. According to the integrated technical performance standard of the electronic theodolite, the research method, which combines of the hardware and supporting software, is taken. The positioning control is completed by the locus planning and the design of the entire collimation system is improved. An experiment is designed and conducted, in which the system’s operability and accuracy is determined. In the positioning control experiment, the position tracking error is about 0.01°, the average error is 3″or less, and the working time is short. It meets the requirements of the axis’ automatic control, and also gives references for researching on the precise positioning control of the motor.