Aiming at the key parts of fragment damages, studies the scattering rules of fragments. Based on artillery firing experiments, it finds out the scattering rules of shell fragments, from which it establishes a hypothesis of scattering fragments to construct the model of the fragment scattering field. It establishes the static and dynamic scattering vector models of a single fragment by the scattering angle of longitude and latitude and the angle of fall of shell. It carries on the simulation of targets damage by 152 mm shell. The results are very close to the ones from firing experiment when the probability of targets damage is over 50%.