To repair the short-life components of anti-ship missile accurately and increase usage life of missile, the main influence factors affecting usage life of anti-ship missile are analyzed. According to missile life conversion under different service environment, environmental gene models are established, and influence factors of usage life are analyzed. Analysis results show that missile quality states are comparatively worse after five year’s service under the influence of total environmental stress of temperature, humidity and libration. This analysis results can be used to provide instruction for naval anti-missile spare part stock and management, prolonging-life project drawing and new-researched anti-ship missile argumentation and design.