In response to the issue of cartridge jamming in large-caliber naval guns, a simulation analysis was conducted on the extraction resistance and its influencing factors of a certain naval gun. Through theoretical analysis, the factors affecting extraction resistance were identified. Using nonlinear finite element analysis, parameters such as the thickness of the powder chamber, initial clearance, and cartridge material were altered in the model for simulation calculations. It was found that extraction resistance is inversely proportional to initial clearance, powder chamber wall thickness, yield limit, and tangent modulus of the cartridge. The influence of initial clearance on extraction resistance is relatively minor within a certain range, while the influence of a thinner powder chamber wall thickness on extraction resistance is significant. As the wall thickness increases, extraction resistance tends to stabilize. When the yield limit and tangent modulus of the cartridge material exceed a certain value, extraction resistance becomes zero. The simulation results indicate that during design, appropriate powder chamber wall thickness and initial clearance can be selected, and cartridge materials can be chosen based on different zones, to ensure that extraction resistance meets the extraction requirements.