Aiming at the strain rate effect of GFRP materials, LS-DYNA was used to simulate the response law of GFRP thin targets with different thicknesses under fragment impact. The research results indicate that when the thickness of the target plate is constant, the velocity behind the target of the fragment increases with the increase of the initial velocity; The kinetic energy loss during the target penetration process increases with the increase of initial velocity; When the initial velocity is constant, the velocity behind the target of the fragment decreases with the increase of the thickness of the target plate, approximately linearly changing; Under the impact of fragments, the main failure modes of GFRP thin targets are impaction failure, and the main failure modes of target plate materials are matrix compression fracture, fiber shear failure, and tensile fracture. The experimental results show that the research has significant implications for the damage assessment of GFRP targets and the power design of warheads.