In order to solve the problems of fixed code rate and frequent feedback in the traditional ocean buoy wireless communication system under bad sea conditions, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) wireless communication system based on R10 code is proposed. An OFDM frame structure is designed to adapt to the dynamic characteristics of the ocean channel, and an opportunistic communication strategy is constructed according to the adaptive characteristics of the code rate of the R10 code, so as to realize the adaptive transmission without real-time channel state information and frequent feedback. Based on the ship-buoy channel model, the system performance under different sea conditions is simulated and verified. Compared with the traditional ocean buoy wireless communication system, the system can dynamically adjust the bit rate and transmission rate according to the channel conditions. The transmission efficiency is improved by 29.19% and 29.54% respectively under the third and fifth sea conditions, and the feedback times of each data source block are only one. Ignificantly reduce that risk of communication exposure. The research results show that the co-design of R10 code and OFDM effectively solves the contradiction between reliability and concealment of ocean buoy communication, and provides technical support for the wireless communication of ocean buoy in complex ocean environment.