In view of the uncertainty and dynamic of the multi-wave confrontation between air attack force and air defense firepower unit, a decision-making model of air defense firepower allocation based on game theory is established. According to the actual needs of air defense operations, the Bayesian mixed game analysis model is constructed, and the improved ant colony optimization (ACO) is used to solve the Nash equilibrium. The simulation results show that using game theory to study the problem of air defense firepower allocation conforms to the actual combat process, has good effectiveness, and has certain application value.