In view of the reinforced concrete wall in a typical civil high-rise building, the contact explosion tests with different charges were carried out on the full-size reinforced concrete wall. Through three contact explosion tests, the local failure modes and failure characteristics of the reinforced concrete wall under different explosive charges were observed, and the influence of explosive charge on the local damage effect of the reinforced concrete wall was analyzed. Through the corrected numerical simulation model, the damage area size of the reinforced concrete wall and the deformation of the steel bar were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. The results show that there is a linear relationship between the damage size of reinforced concrete wall and the cube root of the mass of explosive, and the damage size of reinforced concrete wall decreases with the increase of concrete strength; The damage degree of compression pit and penetration pit in the damage area of reinforced concrete wall is less affected by the steel bar. With the increase of the strength and diameter of the steel bar in the concrete wall, the size of the caving pit decreases.