In view of the complicated production environment of the mixed flow production line of optical and mechanical parts, many uncertain factors in the assembly process and large floating working hours lead to the increase of the complexity of material distribution, a material distribution technology based on genetic algorithm was proposed. Firstly, the characteristics of the production line of optical machinery parts were analyzed, and the distribution strategy was selected according to the characteristics, which improved the ability to deal with the complex environment. The distribution strategy optimization model is designed based on distribution cost and time, and the model is solved by genetic algorithm. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional method, it has obvious advantages in cost of and efficiency in complex environment such as the production line of optical and mechanical components.