To address the issue of system instability caused by frequent power switching in a snow patrol robot under various conditions such as uphill, downhill, and crossing gullies in a ski resort, a control strategy based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) optimized by Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed. The system uses photovoltaic cells as the main power source, with supercapacitors and batteries as auxiliary power sources, and a multi-port bidirectional Buck-Boost converter model is established. ADRC is employed to estimate system disturbances in real time, while the genetic algorithm optimizes the controller parameters to reduce frequent power switching caused by fluctuations in load and power sources. The effectiveness of this strategy was verified in MATLAB/Simulink, showing a system response time of 0.08 ms and an overshoot of less than 1%. Under different road conditions, the control strategy significantly reduced power switching, ensuring system stability while maintaining a stable bus voltage of 48V. The results indicate that the ADRC control strategy optimized by the genetic algorithm can effectively cope with power fluctuations under complex operating conditions, improving the dynamic performance of the multi-port power supply system.