Aiming at the influence of protective structure on shock wave characteristics, numerical simulation of shock wave signal propagation under the condition of protective structure is carried out by using AUTODYN. The 2D-Euler Multi-material algorithm was used to simulate and calculate, and the shock wave pressure curves and characteristic parameters at different locations in the protected area were compared with those in the open environment, and the effects of the distance between the protected structure and the measuring point and the angle α of the protected structure deviating from the propagation direction of the shock wave on the shock wave test were analyzed. The results show that the errors of peak pressure, positive pressure action time and specific impulse are 0.51%, 4.36% and 1.91% respectively when the distance between the protective structure and the measuring point is 10 times of the cylinder diameter and the positive protection is achieved (α = 0) in one-way protection; In the case of multi-directional protection, the error of peak pressure is the smallest, which is-0.43%, when α = 0, a