In order to evaluate the operational command effectiveness scientifically and accurately, the matter-element AHP model is constructed based on the knowledge of extension physical element and AHP. On the basis of establishing the hierarchical index evaluation system by analyzing the factors affecting each index of the object to be evaluated, the weight coefficients of indexes at all levels are determined by using the analytic hierarchy process; the standard value intervals of the joint domain and the classical domain are calculated by using the matter-element analysis of the object to be evaluated; and the comprehensive evaluation grade is obtained by calculating the correlation degree. The results show that using the model to evaluate the effectiveness of artillery operational command can intuitively show the contribution rate of all levels of indicators to the evaluation results, and provide a reference for improving the quality and effectiveness of artillery operational command.