Rapid position and azimuth determining system based on global navigation satellite system is put forward for meeting rapid position and azimuth determining of combat vehicle. Use single baseline gesture measurement to analyze the carrier phase gesture measurement, determine the system research target and overall frame. Separately design system hardware and embedded software and carry out static debug and combat vehicle test. The test results show that the system can quickly measure the position and azimuth of combat vehicle, satisfy the precision requirement of combat vehicle, reduce position time of combat vehicle and improve rapid reaction capability of the weapon system.