The safety problem is the key to restrict the in-service assessment of ammunition equipment, and it is also the basic work for the in-service assessment of ammunition equipment. This paper focuses on the special test of in-service assessment of ammunition equipment, describes the contents and characteristics of in-service assessment of ammunition, analyzes the potential safety hazards and risks in each stage of the special test of in-service assessment of ammunition, and puts forward relevant analysis methods and corresponding countermeasures, so as to provide reference for ensuring the safety of in-service assessment of ammunition equipment.