Simulation and projectile penetration experiment are used to investigate the protective performance of sandwich aluminum foam under the impact of projectile. The impact of 7.62 mm projectile on aluminum foam sandwich material with different panel configurations is studied. The research result shows that the penetration resistance of laminated metal is greatly improved with the addition of aluminum foam core layer. With a fixed total thickness of incident and outgoing panels, increasing the thickness of incident panel is more conducive to improving the penetration resistance of the whole structure. When the incident and ejected panels are Q235 steel with a total thickness of 8 mm and the core layer is 50 mm thick aluminum foam, the material can effectively protect the penetration of 7.62 mm projectile with a speed of 735 m/s. The research could provide a reference for application of aluminum foam sandwich material in protection of projectile penetration for military equipment.