In order to solve these problems of large workload and low efficiency of pipeline inspection and maintenance, the current research status of pipeline robots is discussed.The structural characteristics of pipeline robots at home and abroad are described in detail. According to the technical characteristics of the robot, the existing problems of the pipeline robot in terms of passability and energy supply are analyzed. The key technologies for the research and development of pipeline robots are summarized. The development trend of intelligent pipeline robots is prospected from passive self-adaptation, single module and energy optimization. This research has certain practical reference value.