In order to solve the process of UVA autonomous aerial refueling tankers and receiver aircraft formation flight control problem, proposed to the receiver aircraft separation by guidance loop and attitude control strategy, and design based on the L1 guidance algorithm based on adaptive Backstepping flight controller. Improved L1 guidance algorithm was applied to horizontal and vertical guided by oil machine, using adaptive neural network compensating the receiver aircraft external disturbance and system model error, the neural network weight matrix through online updates, the adaptive law and combining the Backstepping control method to design the receiver aircraft control law. The simulation results show that the receiver aircraft and tankers in the process of the formation flight, the design method can effectively improve the tracking precision of the receiver aircraft and anti-interference ability, effectively solve the problem of aerial refueling formation flight control.