According to the product structure design of thin-walled conical shell, the dynamic environmental adaptability of preloaded conical shell was studied. The critical load of axial buckling of conical shell was solved by linear stability theory. The test equipments, conditions and process were introduced, and the environmental adaptability results under vibration-acceleration were obtained by test. Research results show that the conical shell has certain support stiffness under special dynamic environment, which cannot cause target ball eccentric due to insufficient structure strength, and the safety factor of conical shell is not less than 1.8, which means conical shell has a good dynamic environmental adaptability. The results can be used to determine the final state of conical shell and the pretension control of conical shell assembled.