In order to optimize the ammunition support capability of aircraft carrier and improve the sortie rate of carrier-based aircraft and the combat capability of aircraft carrier, the extenics theory was introduced into the research of ammunition support optimization. The process of aircraft carrier ammunition transfer operation is analyzed by using the basic element theory and the extenics analysis methods such as decomposition and correlation, and the key factors affecting the transfer operation time are found out one by one. The effective way to optimize the process of aircraft ammunition transfer operation is sought by using the extenics strategy generation method and compatibility function to solve contradictory problems. The example analysis results show that the method is novel, unique, highly reliable and practical, which can provide an idea for the design, optimization and construction of the ammunition storage and transportation system of aircraft carrier in our country.