In order to solve the problem of the harm to the society caused by the loss of guns and bullets and strengthen the control of guns and bullets by the police, an intelligent gun-bullet recognition system based on MSP430 single-chip microcomputer and radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is designed. The system consists of two parts: the contact electronic firing pistol cartridge and the processing unit in the gun, which can realize gun-bullet recognition: the bullet with the special recognition code is fired normally, the ordinary bullet with the failure of code matching or without the recognition code cannot be fired, and the failure reminder is triggered after the firing fails. The results show that the system can effectively reduce the loss of life and property caused by the illegal outflow of guns, and strengthen the control of guns and bullets.