In order to improve the firing accuracy of the artillery, the method of predicting the initial velocity of the muzzle is discussed. According to the complex characteristics of artillery pressure, combined with theoretical derivation, the main factors and conditions affecting the initial velocity of the artillery are proposed. According to the relevant data, the existing muzzle initial velocity prediction is divided into empirical formula method, analytical function method, physical contrast method and numerical analysis method. The paper describes and analyzes the initial velocity of the artillery under different conditions of use and launching sequence, and expounds the applicable scope and technical development trend of various methods. The research result shows that using the law to improve the prediction accuracy will become one of the important development directions.