A self-adaptive signal acquisition system based on FPGA (field programmable gate array) is designed to solve the problem of the trigger mode and voltage level needs to be set manually for the signal acquisition system. According to the characteristics of the self-adaptive signal acquisition system based on FPGA, introduces the core modules and uses the echoed clock interface mode to design the LVDS communication interface and divides the FPGA program architecture into 5 parts for design and uses the physical platform to verification and test. The results of the test show that the system can self-adaptive identify the signal type and set the acquisition mode and trigger level automatically and calculate signal parameters accurately and have some practical value.