In order to ensure the sufficient strength and stiffness of the extendable empennage structure in the whole working process, the load conditions and structure of the extendable empennage structure were analyzed and studied. The finite element analysis software ANSYS is used to analyze the stress and deformation of the open tail structure under the maximum launch load condition, the deployment impact load condition and the maximum aerodynamic load condition, and the open tail structure is optimized. The results show that the research and analysis can provide a reference for the design and manufacture of the open tail structure.