To meet the needs of rapid ammunition inspection in modern warfare, a portable near-infrared spectrometer dedicated to detecting the content of stabilizers in propellants has been developed. The principle and development process are introduced. By replacing traditional gas chromatography with near-infrared spectral analysis technology, there is no need to use hazardous chemical reagents, and the detection time is reduced from 4 to 6 hours to 2 to 10 minutes, with an analysis error within 5%. The inspection and acceptance tests have proven that all indicators of the instrument meet the standards, enabling rapid, accurate, and environmentally friendly detection of stabilizer content in propellants and assessment of propellant stability. In addition, the instrument is lightweight and high-strength, making it easy for individual soldiers to carry, providing a new approach for field inspection of ammunition and on-site identification of ammunition accidents.